{"id":226,"date":"2015-08-13T16:30:31","date_gmt":"2015-08-13T13:30:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/denizcisin.com\/?p=226"},"modified":"2015-08-13T16:33:21","modified_gmt":"2015-08-13T13:33:21","slug":"goss-seyir-notlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/denizcisin.com\/index.php\/2015\/08\/13\/goss-seyir-notlari\/","title":{"rendered":"Goss Seyir Notlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>A emsali + bir de\u011ferde bulunursa pusula dolab\u0131 sola \u00e7evrilir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>AIWRG : Fenerin devaml\u0131 olarak ard arda renk de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini ifade eder.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Gemiyi parakete izinden sapt\u0131ran t\u00fcm etkenlerin s\u00fcratine ak\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n DR\u0130FT\u2019i denir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Ak\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrati DRIFT ile g\u00f6sterilir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Teleskop hatas\u0131 sextantta bulunan aynalarla ilgili de\u011fildir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Occ fenerlerin ayd\u0131nl\u0131k s\u00fcresi karanl\u0131k s\u00fcresinden fazlad\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Dikey hata \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Ayna\u201d ayar vidalar\u0131 kullan\u0131larak d\u00fczeltilebilir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>J emsali Geminin 1 derece meyletmesi neticesinde meydana gelen sapmad\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Trafik d\u00fczeninin bulundu\u011fu bir yerde kar\u015f\u0131dan kar\u015f\u0131ya ge\u00e7i\u015fler (\u00d6rne\u011fin i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgeden d\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lgeye ge\u00e7i\u015f) m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fuca genel trafik ak\u0131m y\u00f6n\u00fcne yak\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131larla yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kurala uyulmas\u0131 gerekmez.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>E\u011fri d\u00fczlem iz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemiyle gnomonic harita elde edilir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Silindirik iz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm y\u00f6nteminde iz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm d\u00fczlemi d\u00fcnyaya bir b\u00fcy\u00fck dairede te\u011fet olur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Sar\u0131dan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f teleskop pusulay\u0131 etkilemez.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Gemimizin s\u00fcrati arpa radar\u0131n do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli bilgilerdendir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Mevki hatt\u0131yla seyir Fix\u2019siz emniyetli seyir y\u00f6ntemlerinden de\u011fildir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Fog Del LT. Sis i\u015faretleriyle ilgili k\u0131saltma veya a\u00e7\u0131klama de\u011fildir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>Sulu pusula tas\u0131nda pusula kart\u0131 gemi yalpaya d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde d\u00fcz durdu\u011fu halde kuru pusula tas\u0131nda d\u00fcz durmaz.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Kenar ekosu yanl\u0131\u015f ekodur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Ayn\u0131 maddeden de\u011fi\u015fik zamanlarda iki defa kerteriz al\u0131narak kerteriz kayd\u0131rma usul\u00fc ile bulunan mevkiye Running Fix Mevki denir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>AZ S veya E ise ZN=180-AZ<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 boylam\u0131 Greenwich boylam\u0131d\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Ba\u015fucu noktas\u0131ndan itibaren kuzey veya g\u00fcney y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kutup noktas\u0131na do\u011fru \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen a\u00e7\u0131sal mesafe CoLat k\u0131saltmas\u0131yla g\u00f6sterilir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Bir ak\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n etki yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yani gemiyi s\u00fcr\u00fckledi\u011fi y\u00f6n SET ile tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>\u0130zlenmekte olan bir hedef EYN uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7ine girdi\u011fi zaman arpa radar \u201chedef tehditi(\u00e7at\u0131\u015fma uyar\u0131s\u0131)\u201d alarm\u0131 verir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Sistem A\u2019da gemi limana giri\u015fte iskele tarafta kullan\u0131lan \u015famand\u0131ra K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fct\u00fcn \u015famand\u0131ra k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 silindir tepelik.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Geminin pusulas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesini gerektiren durumlar.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>1 <strong><u>Azami sapma 5 derece\u2019yi ge\u00e7erse.<br \/>\n<\/u><\/strong>2 <strong><u>Gemi uzun s\u00fcre tamirde kal\u0131rsa.<br \/>\n<\/u><\/strong>3 <strong><u>Geminin yara almas\u0131 veya \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 halinde<br \/>\n<\/u><\/strong>4 <strong><u>Uzun zaman bir yere ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmas\u0131 halinde.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Lat N, Dec S Dec&gt;CoLat ise g\u00f6k cismi ufkun \u00fczerinden hi\u00e7 g\u00f6z\u00fckmez.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Bir g\u00f6k cismi bulundu\u011fumuz boylama yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a Y\u00fckseklik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 artar.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Bir kerte : 11.25 dir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Bir limana giri\u015fte veya sahile yana\u015f\u0131rken tehlikelerden uzak emniyetli bir seyir yapabilmek i\u00e7in tesis edilmi\u015f hatta Rehber Hatt\u0131 denir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Otopilotta d\u00fcmen ele al\u0131nmadan b\u00fcy\u00fck rota de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yap\u0131lacaksa F.U. \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni devreden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Bir periyot i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131 renkler sergileyen ritmik fenerlere Renk de\u011fi\u015ftiren fenerler denir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Buzlar aras\u0131nda seyreden bir geminin h\u0131z\u0131 6-3 knot olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n<\/u><\/strong>\u00b7 <strong><u>Buzlar aras\u0131nda seyreden bir geminin rota de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi max. 30 derece olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><\/u>\u00b7 <strong><u>Buzlarla \u0130lgili Bilgiler<br \/>\nOkyanus klavuz haritalar\u0131nda<br \/>\nOcean Passage kitaplar\u0131 <\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>Okyanus klavuz kitaplar\u0131nda bulunur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>B\u00fcy\u00fck daire seyri problemlerinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in kurulan \u00fc\u00e7gen i\u00e7in; Kalk\u0131\u015f ve var\u0131\u015f noktalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki kenar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131sal de\u011feri 90-Lat\u2019d\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>B\u00fcy\u00fck daire seyri problemlerinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde Hesabi y\u00fckseklik yerine Mesafe kullan\u0131lmaz.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Cyro pusula hatalar\u0131nda enlem hatas\u0131nda enlemdeki de\u011fi\u015fme 3 derece olursa d\u00fczeltme uygulan\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Cyro pusulada h\u0131z hatas\u0131 Gemi 90 rotas\u0131na 15 mil h\u0131z ile seyrederken en fazla olur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Cyro pusulalarda; birbirine dik \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 eksen etraf\u0131nda hareket serbestiyetine sahip olan y\u00fcksek devirde d\u00f6nen ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evresinde balans edilmi\u015f elemana Hassas Element (Duyarl\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm) denir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Cyro pusulalarda; fantom element ile hassas elementi ta\u015f\u0131yacak \u015fekilde imal edilmi\u015f k\u0131s\u0131ma verilen isim Spider element (\u00f6r\u00fcmcek eleman) denir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Demir yeri kontrol\u00fcnde en s\u0131hhatl\u0131 mevki koyma y\u00f6ntemi Sextant ve Station Pointer iledir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Denizde hareket halindeki bir geminin s\u00fcratini \u00f6l\u00e7en ve katetti\u011fi mesafeyi g\u00f6steren seyir yard\u0131mc\u0131 aleti Parakete\u2019dir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Cryo hatas\u0131 000 ve 180derecede en az 90 ve 270 derecede en fazlad\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Devaml\u0131 olarak 190 rotas\u0131na seyreden bir geminin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta manyetik pusula ile cyro aras\u0131ndaki fark 4 iken bu fark giderek b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun nedeni Tabii ve yapay sapma ile enlemlerin de\u011fi\u015fmesidir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Difransiyel GPS\u2019in i\u015flevi; gemilerin GPS al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011ferlere uygulanacak uzakl\u0131k d\u00fczeltmelerini yay\u0131mlayan istasyonlard\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Doppler paraketeler; 200 metreden daha derin sularda, doppler paraketelerin \u00e7o\u011fu otomatik olarak su (water track) konumuna ge\u00e7erler.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>D\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fcnyesinde meydana gelen miknat\u0131slanma nedeniyle pusulam\u0131zda meydana gelen sapmaya tabii sapma denir. (V) k\u0131saltmas\u0131 ile g\u00f6sterilir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>D\u00fc\u015fey sextant a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ile bir fenerin y\u00fckseklik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcrken sextant a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru \u00e7evrilirken uzade kolu sabit tutmak yanl\u0131\u015f olur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>D\u00fc\u015fey \u015feritler halinde boyanm\u0131\u015f \u015famand\u0131ran\u0131n haritadaki sembol\u00fc alt\u0131ndaki \u201cRW\u201d gibi k\u0131saltmalar koyu renkten a\u00e7\u0131k renge do\u011fru yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>D\u00fczlem seyrinde kullan\u0131lan haritalar ekvatoryal mercator projeksiyon sistemiyle yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>D\u00fczlemleri yer eksenini kapsamak \u00fczere kutuplardan ge\u00e7en b\u00fcy\u00fck daireye Boylam denir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>EKO elektrikli iskandil kullan\u0131larak derinlik tesbiti ederken dip yap\u0131s\u0131 sert ve dip derinse P.R.F. azalt\u0131lmal\u0131 kazan\u00e7 azalt\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Ekvatoryal mercator projeksiyon ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haritalarla ilgili olarak Kerte hatt\u0131 bir do\u011fru \u015feklinde de\u011fildir. Bilgisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Elektrik alan\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fc ile elektromanyetik dalgan\u0131n hareket y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steren vekt\u00f6rleri i\u00e7inde bulunduran d\u00fczleme Polarizasyon denir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Elektromanyetik dalga boyunca; herhangi bir noktadaki dalga kuvvetine Genlik denir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Evrensel zaman (UT) veya Greenwich ortalama zaman\u0131; Ortalama g\u00fcne\u015f zaman\u0131n\u0131n Greenwich meridyenine g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilmesine UT zaman\u0131 denir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Farkl\u0131 iki datum haritalar i\u00e7in:Yerin ekvatoral ve kutupsal \u00e7aplar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik de\u011ferlerdir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Farkl\u0131 iki datum sisteme g\u00f6re yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haritalarda mevkiler farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Farkl\u0131 iki datum sistemine g\u00f6re yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haritalarda \u015fekillerin yeri de\u011fi\u015fiktir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Farkl\u0131 iki datuma g\u00f6re yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haritalarda derinlik ve y\u00fckseklikler de\u011fi\u015fiktir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Fenerler ve sis i\u015faretleri kitab\u0131nda verilen Fenerlerin kerterizleri denizden verilmi\u015ftir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Ge\u00e7ici d\u00fczeltmeler Haritan\u0131n sol alt kenar\u0131na kursun kalem ile yap\u0131l\u0131r.Yan\u0131na (T) k\u0131saltmas\u0131 konulur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Gel-git ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n en h\u0131zl\u0131 akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman Y\u00fcksek su zaman\u0131 ile al\u00e7ak su zaman\u0131n\u0131n ortas\u0131na denk gelen zamand\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Gel-git ak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n denizden karaya do\u011fru olan\u0131n\u0131n bitip karadan denize do\u011fru olan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durum Ebb Current\u2019dir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Gel-git nedeniyle en fazla su al\u00e7almas\u0131 ay\u0131n Yeni Ay d\u00f6neminde meydana gelir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Gel-git\u2019de y\u00fcksek su ile al\u00e7ak su seviyeleri aras\u0131ndaki y\u00fckseklik fark\u0131na Menzil denir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Gel-git olay\u0131nda \u201cHWS\u201d Ay\u0131n yeni ay ve dolunay zaman\u0131nda meydana gelen su y\u00fcksekli\u011fidir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Gemi \u00fczerindeki bir noktay\u0131 etkileyen bas\u0131nc\u0131n gemi h\u0131z\u0131 ile orant\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 (P=kv2) prensibi ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan parakete tibi Pilotstatik Parakete\u2019dir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Gemide operat\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan uydu seyir ayg\u0131t\u0131 (GPS) ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Anten Y\u00fcksekli\u011fi girilir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Gemimiz ile temas aras\u0131ndaki mesafenin en az oldu\u011fu mevkiye Azami yakla\u015fma noktas\u0131 denir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Geminin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki ve k\u0131\u00e7\u0131ndaki daimi miknatisiyet P ile g\u00f6sterilir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Geminin h\u0131z\u0131, zaman ve ak\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferleri dikkate al\u0131narak bulunan mevki EP\u2019dir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Geminin yatay yumu\u015fak demirlerinin pusulaya olan etkisini azaltmak veya yok etmek i\u00e7in Tashih K\u00fcreleri kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Gnomonic projeksiyon sisteminde I\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 k\u00fcrenin merkezinde\u2019dir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>G\u00f6k cisminin saat dairesi \u00fczerinde g\u00f6k ekvatorundan olan a\u00e7\u0131sal mesafeye Meyil denir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>GPS sisteminde uzay b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde 21 as\u0131l, 3 yedek olmak \u00fczere 24 uydu vard\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>GPS uydu seyir sisteminde gemideki ayg\u0131t Geminin iki veya daha fazla uydudan olan uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saptar ve bu uzakl\u0131klara dayanarak geminin mevkiini bulur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Greenwich ortalama zaman\u0131 (GMT) Ortalama g\u00fcne\u015f Greenwich boylam\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulundu\u011funda saat 12:00:00\u2019d\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Grid kuzeyi Greenwich boylam\u0131n\u0131n kuzey kutup y\u00f6n\u00fc Grid kuzeyidir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>G\u00fcne\u015fin meridyen ge\u00e7i\u015finden faydalanarak enlem bulunurken ZN\u2019ye ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaz.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>G\u00fcney yar\u0131m k\u00fcrede a\u00e7\u0131k denizde R\u00fczgar ak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fc r\u00fczgar y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k 140 derece fazlas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Hakiki kerteriz ile Nisbi kerteriz aras\u0131daki fark; Hakiki kerteriz kuzeyden itibaren saat y\u00f6n\u00fc istikametinde 000-360 aras\u0131nda, Nisbi kerteriz geminin pruvas\u0131ndan itibaren sancak\/iskeleye do\u011fru 0-180 aras\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Grenwich boylam\u0131nda GMT,ZMT ve ZT birbirine e\u015fit olur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Kal\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fczeltme numaras\u0131 d\u00fczeltmenin yan\u0131na yaz\u0131lmaz.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Harita d\u00fczeltmesi yaparken \u00f6nce B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli haritadan ba\u015flan\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Ortografic iz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm y\u00f6nteminde \u0131\u015f\u0131k iz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm d\u00fczleminin kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan (180 derece ters taraf\u0131ndan ve k\u00fcrenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Harita \u00fczerinde mesafe \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcrken mesafe \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi Enlem \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finden al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Harita \u00fczerindeki \u201c\u015e\u00fcpheli iskandil\u201d de\u011feri SD ile g\u00f6sterilir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Haritada yaz\u0131l\u0131 derinlikler i\u00e7in Chart datum de\u011feri referans al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Haritan\u0131n kitabesinde bulunan \u00fc\u00e7 logo (amblem) Harita birinci logodaki Hidrografik ofis taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u0130kinci logodaki hidrografik ofis taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve I.H.O. taraf\u0131ndan kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Hc&gt;Ho ise intersept=A olur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc hava ko\u015fulunda ortak bir d\u00fcnya sisteminde y\u00fcksek do\u011fruluklarla h\u0131z ve zaman belirlenmesine olanak sa\u011flayan sisteme GPS denir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Ho 2102 CID \u201cPlastik Y\u0131ld\u0131z Burcu\u201d g\u00f6k cisimlerinin (Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n) Zn ve Alt\u2019\u0131n\u0131 bulmam\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>IALA Lateral Sistem A ile B aras\u0131ndaki fark \u015eamand\u0131ra Renkleridir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>IALA Sistem A\u2019da emniyetli su \u015famand\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131n rengi K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Beyaz boyuna renklidir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>IALA Sistem A\u2019ya g\u00f6re konik ye\u015fil tepelik Kanal\u0131n sancak taraf\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>I\u015f\u0131k s\u00fcresi karanl\u0131k s\u00fcresine e\u015fit olan fenerlere Izofaz fener denir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Icebergler a\u00e7\u0131k havada yakla\u015f\u0131k 15-20 milden g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>\u0130ki mevkiden ge\u00e7en enlem paralelleri aras\u0131ndaki boylam yay\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131sal boyuna Enlem fark\u0131 denir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>\u0130ki maddeden kerteriz ile mevki elde etmek i\u00e7in \u00d6nce pruvaya yak\u0131n olan maddeden kerteriz al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>\u0130ndex error miktar\u0131n\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in:<br \/>\nUzade kolu 0 derece ye al\u0131narak ufka bak\u0131l\u0131r. Ufkun kendisiyle g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc tek \u00e7izgi oluncaya kadar kol oynat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Uzade kolu 0 derece ye getirilerek y\u0131ld\u0131za bak\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u0131ld\u0131z ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7ak\u0131\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar kol oynat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Intersept2in Hesaplanmas\u0131; Intersept=2xc-2xo<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Karada bulunan pusula \u00e7ubu\u011fu Manyetik kuzey-g\u00fcney kutup do\u011frultusunda durur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Kerte hatt\u0131 90 derece olursa; kerte hatt\u0131 ekvator veya bir enlem paralelidir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Kerte hatt\u0131 boylamlar ile s\u0131f\u0131r derecelik bir a\u00e7\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda depar\u00e7er s\u0131f\u0131r olur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>K\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 Kaptan\u0131n devaml\u0131 talimat\u0131na g\u00f6re uygulanmaya konur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Gemi sise girdi\u011finde Demirden 1 \u2013 1.5 kilit salya edilerek seyre devam edilmez.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Kuzey kardinal \u015famand\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131k karakteri VQ\u2019 dur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Kuzey yar\u0131m k\u00fcrede okyanuslar\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131ya yak\u0131n sular\u0131nda R\u00fczgar ak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fc, R\u00fczgar y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 derece fazlas\u0131 olur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Kuzey yar\u0131m k\u00fcrede ve a\u00e7\u0131k denizde Lodos r\u00fczgar\u0131n\u0131n sebep oldu\u011fu ak\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n derece olarak SET\u2019 i (Y\u00f6n\u00fc) 085 derece olur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Bir ay g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde bir defa y\u00fcksek bir defa al\u00e7ak su hadisesinin meydana geldi\u011fi ve \u00f6zellikle pasifik okyanusu limanlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnen med-cezir tipine G\u00fcnl\u00fck med-cezir (diurnak tide)denir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Mercator haritalarda Enlemler aras\u0131 mesafe birbirine e\u015fit de\u011fildir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Mercator haritas\u0131nda Gnomonic haritalar D\u00fczlem projeksiyon sistemiyle haz\u0131rlan\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Mercator haritas\u0131nda 1 dakikal\u0131k enlem \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi ile 1 dakikal\u0131k boylam \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi 0 derece enleminde biribirine \u00e7ok yak\u0131n olur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Mercator (Normal silidirik) haritalarda enlemler aras\u0131 mesafe Enlemin Sec oran\u0131nda artar.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>\u201cNa\u201d k\u0131saltmas\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131 Ayakucu\u2019dur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Notik almanakta alacakaranl\u0131k vakti, G\u00fcne\u015fin ufkun 12derece alt\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu and\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>50 metre = 27,3 kula\u00e7<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Mercator projeksiyon ile yap\u0131lan haritalar:<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Konformaldir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Orta enlem i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi sabittir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Kerte hatlar\u0131 do\u011fru \u015feklinde iz verirler.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Haritan\u0131n her yerinde enlemler ve boylamlar birbirine diktir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Notik almanaktan hesaplanan g\u00f6k cisimlerinin GHA ve Dec de\u011ferlerine uygulanan (V) ve (D) d\u00fczeltmeler GHA Aries de\u011ferine uygulanmaz.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Oto pilot: operat\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan girilen , gidilmek istenilen rota ile pusuladan gelen , gidilen rota bilgilerini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak bir d\u00fczeltme fark\u0131 bulur.Var\u0131\u015f Zaman\u0131 otopilotun bu fark\u0131 bulmas\u0131nda gerek olmayan bilgidir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Oto pilotta PERM-HELM d\u00fc\u011fmesi ak\u0131nt\u0131 ve r\u00fczgar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>\u00d6nerilen okyanus ge\u00e7i noktalar\u0131:<br \/>\nOkyanus klavuz haritalar\u0131nda<br \/>\nRouterin chartlarda<br \/>\nOcean passages kitaplar\u0131nda bulunur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>\u201cPA\u201d k\u0131saltmas\u0131 Yakla\u015f\u0131k Mevki anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Parakete seyri k\u0131saltmas\u0131 DR dir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Parakete k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7inde iki elektrot aras\u0131nda deniz suyunun s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesinden olu\u015fan elektromanyetik sahan\u0131n s\u00fcratle do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fmesinden faydalanarak s\u00fcrat bilgisi elde edilen parakete Elektromanyetik parakete\u2019dir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Pusula sehpas\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulunan d\u00fczeltme elemanlar\u0131ndan Filender \u00e7ubu\u011fu yumu\u015fak demirdir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Pusula sehpas\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde bulunan elemanlardan Filender \u00c7ubu\u011fu manyetik malzemeden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Radar ayg\u0131t\u0131 ile ilgili olarak: Pruva yukar\u0131(Head up) g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcde gemi d\u00f6nerken Pruva \u00e7izgisi sabit kal\u0131r. Resim d\u00f6ner.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Radar pilotlamas\u0131 ile ilgili olarak; sahile yak\u0131n seyrederken mesafe skalas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck se\u00e7ilmelidir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Radar sinyallerinin dalga tepeciklerinde yans\u0131mas\u0131 ile meydana gelen ekolara Deniz d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ekolar\u0131 denir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Radarlar\u0131n asgari menzilini belirleyen parametrik Pals geni\u015fli\u011fidir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Pals tekrarlama frekans\u0131 (PRF)<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Rota de\u011fi\u015ftirme s\u00fcreci ile ilgili olarak; D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yerine gelindi\u011finde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7ilmelidir. Bilgisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Serbest cyronun G\u00fcney yar\u0131m k\u00fcredeki Yatay g\u00f6r\u00fcnsel hareketi bat\u0131ya do\u011frudur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Serbest d\u00f6nen bir cyronun pusulan\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f eksenine etki ederek bu eksenin Kuzey\/G\u00fcney y\u00f6n\u00fcne y\u00f6nelmesini sa\u011flayan esas \u00f6\u011fe D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bat\u0131dan do\u011fuya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 kuvvetidir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Sextant ile okunan de\u011fere, DIP (g\u00f6z y\u00fcksekli\u011fi) d\u00fczeltmesi olarak uygulanan d\u00fczeltme Daima (-) olarak uygulan\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Seyir yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z b\u00f6lgeye ait seyir haritas\u0131 \u00fczerinde derinlikler ile ilgili olarak Rep (1973) ifadesi tespit ettiniz. Bu ifade; 1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda rapor edilmi\u015f fakat mesahas\u0131 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f bir derinlik oldu\u011funu ifade eder.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>S\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n ve su alt\u0131 kayalar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu yerde seyrederken emniyetli seyir yapabilmek i\u00e7in Sadece elektrikli iskandil takip edilir. Bilgisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Sistem-A ile markalanan bir b\u00f6lgeyle ilgili olarak; Kardinal ve Lateral sistemin bile\u015fimi kullan\u0131larak k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renk ile kanal\u0131n iskele taraf\u0131 markalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Sistem-A\u2019da Lateral i\u015faretlerden Sancak taraf \u015famand\u0131ra tepeli\u011fi Ye\u015fil ucu yukar\u0131 koni\u2019dir<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Sistem-A \u015famand\u0131ralama sisteminde tecrit edilmi\u015f su tehlike i\u015faretlerini g\u00f6steren \u015famand\u0131ra tepeli\u011fi \u015fekli iki siyah k\u00fcre\u2019dir<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Sistem-B b\u00f6lgesinde beyaz renkli silindirik \u015famand\u0131ra demir yeri \u015famand\u0131ras\u0131d\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Sistem-B\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131k denizden limana giri\u015fte gemi seyrine uygun kanallar\u0131n yan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 markalamak i\u00e7in sancak tarafta kullan\u0131lan \u015famand\u0131ra \u015fekli K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fct\u00fcn \u015famand\u0131ra, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 konik tepelik.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Suni ufuk kullan\u0131larak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilen y\u00fckseklik as\u0131l y\u00fcksekli\u011fin 2 kat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Suni ufukla y\u00fckseklik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde hakiki y\u00fckseklik bulunurken Dip d\u00fczeltmesi uygulanmaz.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Tercihli kanal\u0131 i\u015faret eden \u015famand\u0131ra IALA Sistem-A\u2019ya g\u00f6re \u0131\u015f\u0131k karakteri FI(2+1)\u2019dir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>T\u00fcrk harita yay\u0131n katalo\u011fu 3 folyodan olu\u015fur.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Ufuk \u00e7izgisine bak\u0131larak ufuk \u00e7izgisi ile aynadaki yans\u0131mas\u0131 tek bir \u00e7izgi gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcnceye kadar yap\u0131lan hata d\u00fczeltmesi Uzade Hatas\u0131\u2019d\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Uydu seyir sisteminde (SATNAV) mevki saptamas\u0131nda do\u011fruluk derecesini etkileyen be\u015f fakt\u00f6r vard\u0131r. Gemi iskandilindeki hata bunlardan biri de\u011fildir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>1 Yarda = 91,5 cm<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Vertex noktas\u0131 i\u00e7in; Kalk\u0131\u015f rota a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 90 derece\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck ise vertex noktas\u0131 kalk\u0131\u015f ve var\u0131\u015f noktalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve var\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bilgisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Yapay sapma cetveli (DEV cetveli) kontrol\u00fc veya yeniden d\u00fczenlenmesi yap\u0131l\u0131rken gemi 8 y\u00f6ne sald\u0131r\u0131r. Kerteriz almadan \u00f6nce gemi en az 4 dk bu rotada seyretmelidir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Yapay sapmay\u0131 meydana getiren sebepler: Gemi b\u00fcnyesindeki metal aksam, elektrik, elektronik cihazlardan olu\u015fan sapmad\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Yatay \u015feritler halinde boyanm\u0131\u015f bir \u015famand\u0131ran\u0131n haritadaki sembol\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131nda \u201cRGR\u201d gibi k\u0131saltmalar \u00fcsten a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya renk s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6re yaz\u0131l\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Yer ekseninin; Yer k\u00fcreyi deldi\u011fi kabul edilen noktalara kutuplar denir.<br \/>\nZn k\u0131saltmas\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131 Semt\u2019dir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>12:00:00 UT\u2019de veya 12:00:00 GMT\u2019de ortalama g\u00fcne\u015f grenwich \u00fcst boylam\u0131ndan ge\u00e7er.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>100000 mum (kandil) siddetinde \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 olan bir fener 19.5 mil\u2019den g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Arpa radar cihaz\u0131nda 3,5 mile kurulmu\u015f olan koruma \u00e7emberinin i\u00e7ine bir hedef girdi\u011finde E\u011fer otomatik izlemeye alma fonksiyonu devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise, Arpa sadece giren hedef alarm\u0131 verir ve izlemeye almaz.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Predicted Area of Danger (PAD) alan\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekli CPA ile de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Arpa hedef tehditi alarm\u0131n\u0131 izlenmekte olan bir hedef i\u00e7in CPA ve TCPA ihlal edildi\u011finde verir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Arpa giren hedef (intruder) alarm\u0131n\u0131 koruma \u00e7emberinden i\u00e7eri hedef girdi\u011finde ve otomatik izlemeye alma devrede olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda verir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Arpa ekran\u0131nda bulunan T harfinin anlam\u0131 Arpada deneme manevras\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>G\u00f6reli hareket modunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir Arpa Radarda CPA de\u011feri Hedef en az iki kez plotland\u0131ktan sonra saptan\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Arpada izlenen iki hedefin toku\u015fmas\u0131 (swop) hedeflerin biribine g\u00f6re durumu ile ili\u015fkilidir. Buna g\u00f6re birbirlerine yak\u0131n ge\u00e7en hedefler aras\u0131nda toku\u015f olay\u0131 meydana gelir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>E\u011fer hedefin mesafesi azalmakta ve kerteriz de\u011fi\u015fmemekteyse bu hedefin CPA\u2019si s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>IMO standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re arpa en az 20 hedefi otomatik olarak izleyebilmelidir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Bir arpa cihaz\u0131 en az geminin h\u0131z bilgisini g\u00f6stermelidir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Yak\u0131ndaki di\u011fer gemi radarlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisini gidermek i\u00e7in RIC fonksiyonu kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>VRM radarda mesafe \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcnde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Cyro pusula ve otopilot verilerini kay\u0131t edecek olan VDR bu verileri 1sn aral\u0131klarla kay\u0131t etmelidir.<br \/>\nAIS sadece VTS sisteminin bulundu\u011fu alanlarda kullan\u0131lmaz.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Gemi Sahibinin \u0130smi Ais transponderleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile aktar\u0131lan bilgilerden de\u011fildir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Bir Ecdis cihaz\u0131 en az 12 saat verileri muhafaza edebilmelidir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>IMO Performans Standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015eirket G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin VDR\u2019da kay\u0131t edilmesi gerekmez.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>VDR\u2019\u0131n Ge\u00e7ici haf\u0131za kayd\u0131 en az 6 saat kay\u0131t \u00f6zelli\u011finde de\u011fildir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Oto-pilotun rotadan ka\u00e7malara kar\u015f\u0131 tepki duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Rudder ile ayar edilir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Gemi rotadan bir derece ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00fcmenin ka\u00e7 derece al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen otopilot kontrol\u00fc Rudder\u2019dir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>IALA-A sistemi Filipinlerde kullan\u0131lmaz.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Akustik parakete su i\u00e7inde kesintisiz ses dalgalar\u0131 g\u00f6ndermez.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>D\u00fcmenin eylemsizlik atalet nedeniyle fazla d\u00f6nmesini engelleyen d\u00fc\u011fme count rudder\u2019dir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Sistem-A\u2019da lateral i\u015faretlerden sancak taraf \u015famand\u0131ra tepeli\u011fi Ye\u015fil Ucu yukar\u0131 koni.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Adaptive otopilotta, gemi manevra modelinden yararlanarak, denizden kaynaklanan d\u00fc\u015fme etkisini d\u00fcmenin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkiden ay\u0131ran sisteme kalman filitresi denir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Ampermetre \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi gereken devreye seri ba\u011flan\u0131r.<br \/>\nVDR zorunlulu\u011fu 1 temmuz 2008.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Elektromagnetik dalgalar\u0131n yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 yaz g\u00fcnd\u00fcz\u00fc ionosferin f2 katman\u0131 ile f1 katman\u0131 aras\u0131, k\u0131\u015f g\u00fcnd\u00fcz\u00fcne g\u00f6re daha a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Elektrometrik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc; deniz radar ve elektronik harita sistemlerinde kullan\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc tipi de\u011fildir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>DGPS\u2019de vurgu frekans\u0131 belirleyicisi sistem unsuru de\u011fildir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>FM-DF&#8211; VTS operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn radarda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir gemi ekosunu tan\u0131mas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan sistemdir.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>Imo Performans standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re Arpaya h\u0131z giri\u015fi Gemi paraketesinden yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>s (sand) kum<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>si (silt) kil<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>cy (clay) bal\u00e7\u0131k<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>g (gravel) ince \u00e7ak\u0131l<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>st (stone) \u00e7ak\u0131l<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>cb (cobblen) iri \u00e7ak\u0131l<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>p (pebblen) orta \u00e7ak\u0131l<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>co (coral) mercan<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>r (rock) kaya<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>sh (shel) kabuk<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>m (mud) \u00e7amur<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><u><\/u><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00b7 <strong><u>wd (weed) kelp, sazl\u0131k, yosun<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0indir&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<a href=\"http:\/\/denizcisin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/pratik-seyir-notlar\u0131.pdf\">pratik seyir notlar\u0131<\/a>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;indir<\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A emsali + bir de\u011ferde bulunursa pusula dolab\u0131 sola \u00e7evrilir. &nbsp; \u00b7 AIWRG : Fenerin devaml\u0131 olarak ard arda renk de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini ifade eder. &nbsp; \u00b7 Gemiyi parakete izinden sapt\u0131ran t\u00fcm etkenlerin s\u00fcratine ak\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n DR\u0130FT\u2019i denir. &nbsp; \u00b7 Ak\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrati DRIFT ile g\u00f6sterilir. &nbsp; \u00b7 Teleskop hatas\u0131 sextantta bulunan aynalarla ilgili de\u011fildir. &nbsp; \u00b7 Occ fenerlerin [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":229,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[16],"tags":[67,64,66,65],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/denizcisin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/denizcisin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/denizcisin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denizcisin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denizcisin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=226"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/denizcisin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":230,"href":"https:\/\/denizcisin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226\/revisions\/230"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denizcisin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/229"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/denizcisin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denizcisin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denizcisin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}